Would you please try following steps?
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close any running applications. Then goto "control panel"->"Uninstall a program", if you can find these two items:
Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 redistributable (x86)
Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 redistributable (x64)
Uninstall them, and reboot. (notice, you may get some error message at this time, just ignore them).
After reboot, launch VMware Workstation installer again.
When the installation done, please reboot system even without prompt.